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Termites are found on all continents except Antarctica. The diversity of termite species is low in North America and Europe (10 species known in Europe and 50 in North America), but is high in South America, where over 400 species are known.34 Of the 3,000 termite species currently classified, 1,000 are found in Africa, where mounds are really abundant in certain regions.
Due to their soft cuticles, termites do not inhabit cool or cold habitats.36 There are three ecological forms of termites: dampwood, drywood and subterranean. Dampwood termites are found only in coniferous woods, and drywood termites are found in hardwood forests; subterranean termites reside in widely diverse areas.34 One species in the drywood category is that the West Indian drywood termite (Cryptotermes brevis), which is an invasive species in Australia.37.
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Termites are generally small, measuring between 4 to 15 millimetres (0.16 to 0.59Â in) in length.34 The biggest of all extant termites would be the queens of those species Macrotermes bellicosus, measuring up to over 10 centimetres (4Â in) in length.38 Another giant termite, the extinct Gyatermes styriensis, flourished in Austria during the Miocene and had a wingspan of 76 millimetres (3.0Â in) and a body length of 25 millimetres (0.98Â in).39note 1. )
Most worker and soldier termites are blind because they do not have a pair of eyes. However, some species, like Hodotermes mossambicus, have compound eyes that they utilize for orientation and to distinguish sunlight from moonlight.40 The alates (winged males and females) have eyes along with lateral ocelli.
Termite antennae have a number of functions such as the sensing of touch, taste, odours (including pheromones), heat and vibration. The three primary segments of a termite antenna include a scape, a pedicel (typically shorter than the scape), and the flagellum (all segments beyond the scape and pedicel). The mouth parts contain a maxillae, a labium, and a pair of mandibles.
Consistent with all insects, the anatomy of this termite thorax consists of 3 segments: the prothorax, the mesothorax and the metathorax. Each segment contains a pair of legs. On alates, the wings are at the mesothorax and metathorax. The mesothorax and metathorax have well-developed exoskeletal plates; the prothorax has smaller plates. .
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Termites have a ten-segmented abdomen with two plates, the tergites and also the sternites. The tenth abdominal segment has a pair of short cerci.45 You can find ten tergites, of which nine are broad and one is elongated. The reproductive organs are similar to people in cockroaches but are somewhat more simplified. For example, the intromittent organ is not present in male alates, and the sperm is immotile or aflagellate.
The non-reproductive castes of thieves are wingless and rely solely on their six legs article source for locomotion. The alates fly only for a brief amount of time, so that they also rely on their own legs. The appearance of the legs is comparable in each caste, but the soldiers have larger and heavier legs.
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The number of tibial spurs on an individual's leg fluctuates. Some species of termite Recommended Site have an arolium, located between the claws, which is present in species that climb on smooth surfaces but is absent in most termites.49.
Unlike in ants, the hind-wings and fore-wings are of equal length.2 Most of the time, the alates are poor stocks; their technique is to launch themselves in the atmosphere and fly in a random direction. Studies show that in comparison to bigger termites, smaller termites cannot fly long distances. When a termite is in flight, its wings remain in a ideal angle, and when the termite is at rest, its wings remain parallel to the body.51.
Worker termites undertake the maximum labor within the colony, being responsible for foraging, food storage, and brood and nest maintenance.53 Employees are tasked with the digestion of cellulose in food and are thus the most likely caste to be found in infested wood. The procedure for worker termites feeding other nestmates is known as trophallaxis.
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Some termite species do not have a legitimate worker caste, instead relying on nymphs that do the exact same work without differentiating as a separate caste.53.